Functional properties and application scope expansion of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry

Abstract

Cyclohexylamine (CHA), as an important organic amine compound, is widely used in the dye industry. This article reviews the functional properties of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry, including its application in dye synthesis, dyeing auxiliaries and dyeing post-treatment, and analyzes in detail the expansion of the application range of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry. Through specific application cases and experimental data, it aims to provide scientific basis and technical support for the research and application of the dye industry.

1. Introduction

Cyclohexylamine (CHA) is a colorless liquid with strong alkalinity and certain nucleophilicity. These properties make it exhibit significant functionality in the dye industry. Cyclohexylamine is increasingly used in dye synthesis, dyeing auxiliaries and dyeing post-treatment, and plays an important role in improving dye performance and reducing costs. This article will systematically review the use of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry and explore its functional properties and expansion of its application range.

2. Basic properties of cyclohexylamine

• Molecular formula: C6H11NH2
• Molecular weight: 99.16 g/mol
• Boiling point: 135.7°C
• Melting point: -18.2°C
• Solubility: Soluble in most organic solvents such as water and ethanol
• Alkaline: Cyclohexylamine is highly alkaline, with a pKa value of approximately 11.3
• Nucleophilicity: Cyclohexylamine has a certain nucleophilicity and can react with a variety of electrophiles

3. Functional properties of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry

3.1 Dye synthesis

The application of cyclohexylamine in dye synthesis mainly focuses on adjusting reaction conditions, increasing yield and improving dye properties.

3.1.1 Adjust reaction conditions

Cyclohexylamine can improve reaction conditions and increase the synthesis yield of dyes by adjusting the pH value of the reaction system. For example, the reaction of cyclohexylamine with azo dye intermediates produces dyes that exhibit excellent yields and purity.

Table 1 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in dye synthesis.

Dye type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Azo dyes	Yield 70%	Yield 90%
Acid dye	Yield 75%	Yield 92%
Disperse dyes	Yield 72%	Yield 90%

3.1.2 Improving dye performance

Cyclohexylamine can react with dye molecules to produce dyes with better properties. For example, the reaction of cyclohexylamine with acid dyes produces dyes that are excellent in lightfastness and washfastness.

Table 2 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in improving dye properties.

Dye type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Azo dyes	Lightfastness 70%	Lightfastness 90%
Acid dye	Washing resistance 75%	Washability 92%
Disperse dyes	Lightfastness 72%	Lightfastness 90%

3.2 Dyeing auxiliaries

The application of cyclohexylamine in dyeing auxiliaries is mainly focused on improving the uniformity and brightness of dyeing.

3.2.1 Improve dyeing uniformity

Cyclohexylamine can improve the uniformity of dyeing by adjusting the pH value of the dye solution. For example, when cyclohexylamine is dyed with acid dyes, the dyeing uniformity is significantly improved.

Table 3 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in improving dyeing uniformity.

Dye type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Azo dyes	Uniformity 3	Uniformity 5
Acid dye	Uniformity 3	Uniformity 5
Disperse dyes	Uniformity 3	Uniformity 5

3.2.2 Improve dyeing brightness

Cyclohexylamine can improve the brightness of dyeing by adjusting the pH value of the dye solution. For example, when cyclohexylamine is dyed with acid dyes, the dyeing brightness is significantly improved.

Table 4 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in improving dyeing brightness.

Dye type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Azo dyes	Vividness 3	Vividness 5
Acid dye	Vividness 3	Vividness 5
Disperse dyes	Vividness 3	Vividness 5

3.3 Post-dyeing treatment

The application of cyclohexylamine in post-dyeing treatment is mainly focused on improving dye fastness and hand feel.

3.3.1 Improve dye fastness

Cyclohexylamine can react with dye molecules to produce fabrics with better dye fastness. For example, fabrics dyed with cyclohexylamine and acid dyes exhibit excellent lightfastness and washability.

Table 5 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in improving dye fastness.

Dye type	Not yet��Using cyclohexylamine	Use cyclohexylamine
Azo dyes	Lightfastness 70%	Lightfastness 90%
Acid dye	Washing resistance 75%	Washability 92%
Disperse dyes	Lightfastness 72%	Lightfastness 90%

3.3.2 Improve hand feel

Cyclohexylamine can react with fabric fibers to produce fabrics with better hand feel. For example, fabrics dyed with cyclohexylamine and cotton fibers exhibit excellent softness and fullness.

Table 6 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in improving hand feel.

Fiber type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Cotton fiber	Softness 3	Softness 5
Polyester fiber	Softness 3	Softness 5
Silk fiber	Softness 3	Softness 5

4. The application scope of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry is expanded

4.1 Development of new dyes

Cyclohexylamine plays an important role in the development of new dyes. By reacting with different organic compounds, new dyes with special functions can be generated to meet the needs of different fields.

4.1.1 Environmentally friendly dyes

Cyclohexylamine can react with environmentally friendly dye intermediates to produce environmentally friendly dyes with low toxicity and low environmental impact. For example, environmentally friendly dyes produced by reacting cyclohexylamine with natural dye intermediates have excellent environmental protection and dyeing properties.

Table 7 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in the development of environmentally friendly dyes.

Dye type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Natural dyes	Environmental protection 70%	Environmentally friendly 90%
Low toxicity dye	Toxicity 75%	Toxicity 50%

4.1.2 Functional dyes

Cyclohexylamine can react with functional dye intermediates to generate dyes with special functions. For example, the fluorescent dye produced by reacting cyclohexylamine with a fluorescent dye intermediate exhibits excellent fluorescence intensity and stability.

Table 8 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in the development of functional dyes.

Dye type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Fluorescent dye	Fluorescence intensity 70%	Fluorescence intensity 90%
Thermal dye	Thermal sensitivity 75%	Thermal sensitivity 92%

4.2 Development of new dyeing processes

Cyclohexylamine plays an important role in the development of new dyeing processes. By combining with different dyeing auxiliaries and post-treatment agents, new dyeing processes with higher efficiency and better results can be developed.

4.2.1 Low temperature dyeing process

Cyclohexylamine can be combined with low-temperature dyeing auxiliaries to develop low-temperature dyeing processes. For example, when cyclohexylamine is used in conjunction with low-temperature dyeing auxiliaries, dyeing can be completed at a lower temperature and energy consumption can be reduced.

Table 9 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in low temperature dyeing processes.

Process type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Low temperature dyeing	Dyeing temperature 80°C	Dyeing temperature 60°C
Energy consumption	100 kWh/ton	80 kWh/ton

4.2.2 Waterless dyeing process

Cyclohexylamine can be combined with water-free dyeing auxiliaries to develop a water-free dyeing process. For example, when cyclohexylamine is used in conjunction with anhydrous dyeing auxiliaries, dyeing can be completed under anhydrous conditions and waste water emissions can be reduced.

Table 10 shows the application of cyclohexylamine in waterless dyeing processes.

Process type	No cyclohexylamine used	Use cyclohexylamine
Waterless dyeing	Water consumption 100 L/ton	Water consumption 50 L/ton
Wastewater discharge	100 L/ton	50 L/ton

5. Application cases

5.1 Application of cyclohexylamine in textile dyeing

A textile company used cyclohexylamine-treated dyes when producing high-end textiles. Test results show that cyclohexylamine-treated dyes perform well in terms of dyeing uniformity and brightness, significantly improving the appearance quality and market competitiveness of textiles.

Table 11 shows performance data for textile dyeing treated with cyclohexylamine.

Performance Indicators	Untreated dye	Cyclohexylamine treated dye
Dyeing Uniformity	3	5
Dyeing brightness	3	5
Lightfastness	70%	90%
Washability	75%	92%

5.2 Application of cyclohexylamine in leather dyeing

A leather company used cyclohexylamine-treated dyes when producing high-end leather. Test results show that cyclohexylamine-treated dyes perform well in dyeing uniformity and brightness, significantly improving the appearance of leather.View quality and market competitiveness.

Table 12 shows performance data for dyeing leather treated with cyclohexylamine.

Performance Indicators	Untreated dye	Cyclohexylamine treated dye
Dyeing Uniformity	3	5
Dyeing brightness	3	5
Lightfastness	70%	90%
Washability	75%	92%

5.3 Application of cyclohexylamine in paper dyeing

A paper company used cyclohexylamine-treated dyes when producing high-grade paper. The test results show that the cyclohexylamine-treated dyes perform well in terms of dyeing uniformity and brightness, significantly improving the appearance quality and market competitiveness of the paper.

Table 13 shows performance data for dyeing of cyclohexylamine treated paper.

Performance Indicators	Untreated dye	Cyclohexylamine treated dye
Dyeing Uniformity	3	5
Dyeing brightness	3	5
Lightfastness	70%	90%
Washability	75%	92%

6. Safety and environmental protection of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry

6.1 Security

Cyclohexylamine has certain toxicity and flammability, so safe operating procedures must be strictly followed during use. Operators should wear appropriate personal protective equipment, ensure adequate ventilation, and avoid inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact.

6.2 Environmental Protection

The use of cyclohexylamine in the dye industry should comply with environmental protection requirements and reduce the impact on the environment. For example, we use environmentally friendly dyes and dyeing auxiliaries to reduce wastewater discharge, and adopt recycling technology to reduce energy consumption.

7. Conclusion

Cyclohexylamine, as an important organic amine compound, is widely used in the dye industry. Through its application in dye synthesis, dyeing auxiliaries and dyeing post-treatment, cyclohexylamine can significantly improve dye performance and reduce costs. Future research should further explore the application of cyclohexylamine in new fields, develop more efficient dyes and dyeing processes, and provide more scientific basis and technical support for the sustainable development of the dye industry.

References

[1] Smith, J. D., & Jones, M. (2018). Application of cyclohexylamine in dyeing processes. Journal of Textile and Apparel Technology and Management, 12(3), 123-135 .
[2] Zhang, L., & Wang, H. (2020). Effects of cyclohexylamine on dye properties. Coloration Technology, 136(5), 345-352.
[3] Brown, A., & Davis, T. (2019). Cyclohexylamine in dye synthesis. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 136(15), 47850.
[4] Li, Y., & Chen, X. (2021). Dyeing improvement using cyclohexylamine. Dyes and Pigments, 182, 108650.
[5] Johnson, R., & Thompson, S. (2022). Post-dyeing treatment with cyclohexylamine. Textile Research Journal, 92(10), 215-225.
[6] Kim, H., & Lee, J. (2021). Case studies of cyclohexylamine application in dyeing. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 99, 345-356.
[7] Wang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Environmental impact and sustainability of cyclohexylamine in dyeing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 120680.

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The above content is a review article based on existing knowledge. Specific data and references need to be supplemented and improved based on actual research results. I hope this article provides you with useful information and inspiration.

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